Understanding the Causes of Varicose Veins

Varicose veins, those unsightly, bulging, and sometimes painful veins that appear on the legs, affect an estimated 20-25 million Americans, with women being more susceptible than men. While often dismissed as a mere cosmetic concern, varicose veins are a sign of underlying vascular issues that, if left untreated, can lead to more serious health problems. Below we’ll explore the causes of varicose veins, drawing on the expertise of one of the countries leading vein specialists, David Verebelyi, MD, RVT.  By gaining a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the development of varicose veins, you’ll be better equipped to prevent and manage this common condition, ensuring healthier, more beautiful legs for years to come.

The Anatomy of Veins and Valves

To understand the causes of varicose veins, it’s essential to first grasp the basics of the circulatory system and the role of veins in maintaining healthy blood flow. Unlike arteries, which carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body, veins are responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Since vein carry blood against gravity back to the heart, they are equipped with tiny, one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backward and pooling in the legs.

When these valves do not close properly, blood can fall back into the lower segments of the vein and pool.  This causes the veins to stretch, bulge, and twist. Over time, this increased pressure on the vein walls weakens them, leading to the development of varicose veins. As Dr. Verebelyi explains, “Varicose veins form when the valves in the veins fail to function properly, allowing blood to flow backward and pool in the vein. This increased pressure causes the vein to stretch out and become varicose.”

Risk Factors for Varicose Veins: Who Is Most Susceptible?

While anyone can develop varicose veins, certain factors can increase your risk. Age is a significant risk factor, as the wear and tear on vein valves over time can cause them to weaken and not close properly. Women are more prone to varicose veins than men, particularly during pregnancy, when hormonal changes and increased blood volume put added pressure on the veins.

Family history also plays a significant role, with genetics accounting for at least 50% of varicose vein cases. If your parents or grandparents had varicose veins, you’re more likely to develop them as well.

Lifestyle factors, such as obesity, prolonged standing or sitting, and lack of exercise, can also contribute to the development of varicose veins. As Dr. Verebelyi notes, “Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding prolonged periods of sitting or standing can go a long way in preventing varicose veins and promoting overall vein health.”

The Progression of Varicose Veins: From Cosmetic Concern to Medical Issue

In the early stages, varicose veins may be little more than a cosmetic concern, causing no symptoms beyond their unsightly appearance but they are always a sign of a deeper problem. . Early detection of varicose veins can significantly enhance treatment outcomes. As the condition progresses, patients may begin to experience a range of symptoms, including:

• Aching, heavy, or tired legs
• Burning, throbbing, or cramping sensations in the legs
• Itching or skin irritation around the affected veins
• Swelling in the ankles and feet
• Skin discoloration or texture changes

If left untreated, varicose veins can lead to more serious complications, such as blood clots, and skin ulcers. As Dr. Verebelyi warns, “Ignoring varicose veins can have serious consequences for your health. Early intervention is key to preventing complications and ensuring the best possible outcomes.”

Treatment Options for Varicose Veins

Fortunately, there are many treatment options available for those struggling with varicose veins, ranging from simple lifestyle changes to advanced medical procedures. The first line of defense against varicose veins is often self-care measures, such as:

• Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
• Include proper exercises that engage your calf such as cycling, elliptical, rowing or swimming into your regular routine
• Avoiding prolonged periods of sitting or standing
• Elevating the legs above the heart when resting
• Wearing compression stockings to improve blood flow

For those whose varicose veins don’t respond to lifestyle changes, or whose condition is more advanced, minimally invasive procedures can offer effective relief. At Colorado Skin & Vein, Dr. Verebelyi and his team offer a range of state-of-the-art treatments, including:

• Sclerotherapy: Injecting medication into the vein to seal it shut
• Radiofrequency ablation (RFA): Using radiofrequency energy to collapse and seal the damaged vein
• Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA): Using laser energy to close off the damaged vein
• VenaSeal: Sealing the problem  vein with a medical adhesive

In rare cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove particularly large or troublesome sections of vein. Vein stripping and ligation, once the go-to treatments for varicose veins, have largely been replaced by less invasive options.

As Dr. Verebelyi notes, “At Colorado Skin & Vein, we pride ourselves on offering the most advanced, effective treatments for varicose veins. Our goal is to help each patient achieve the best possible results with the least amount of discomfort and downtime.”

When to Seek Medical Help: Listening to Your Body and Your Veins

While varicose veins may start of harmless, they are a sign that the valves within the deeper vessel are not working properly and warrant proper work up by a vein specialist. Any bulging vein in the lower limbs if good reason for evaluation especially If you experience any of the following:

• Persistent pain, swelling, or heaviness in the legs
• Tired or swollen legs after travel and a long day sitting or standing 
• Bleeding from a varicose vein
• Nighttime leg or foot cramps
• Restless leg syndrome
• Difficulty walking or standing for long periods
• Skin changes, such as discoloration, thickening, or ulceration

When choosing a vein specialist, it’s essential to look for physician  board-certified by the American Society for Venous and Lymphatic Surgery. These physicians have extensive experience in treating varicose veins. During your initial consultation, your vein specialist will conduct a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical exam, ultrasound imaging, and a review of your medical history. Based on their findings, they’ll recommend a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique needs and goals.

Reclaiming Your Confidence and Quality of Life

Varicose veins are a common problem, but they don’t have to be a permanent one. By understanding the causes of varicose veins, taking proactive steps to maintain vein health, and seeking appropriate medical evaluation, you can reduce your risk and enjoy healthier, more beautiful legs.

If you’re ready to take control of your vein health, schedule a consultation with Dr. Verebelyi and the team at Colorado Skin & Vein. With their expertise, state-of-the-art treatments, and commitment to patient care, they’ll help you reclaim your confidence and quality of life, one vein at a time.

Remember, your veins are a vital part of your overall health and well-being. By giving them the attention and care they deserve, you’ll be taking an important step towards a happier, healthier you.